In Linux runnervm3ublj 6.11.0-1018-azure #18~24.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Sat Jun 28 04:46:03 UTC 2025 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux,

Memory Usage: 1236/15995MB (7.73%)
Disk Usage: 52/72GB (72%)
CPU Load: 1.16
CPU core count:4
CPUs
cpu MHz		: 3241.756
cpu MHz		: 3241.316
cpu MHz		: 3243.760
cpu MHz		: 3242.042

Below is total package generation times for separate modules,

[INFO] Avaje Jex Example 3.2 .............................. SUCCESS [  2.985 s]
[INFO] Avaje Jex Robaho Example 3.2 ....................... SUCCESS [  2.988 s]
[INFO] eclipse-microprofile-kumuluz-test 4.1.0 ............ SUCCESS [  4.621 s]
[INFO] helidon-quickstart-se 4.2.2 ........................ SUCCESS [  6.157 s]
[INFO] ktor-demo 3.3.0-kotlin-2.2.20 ...................... SUCCESS [ 10.391 s]
[INFO] micronaut-demo 4.9.3 ............................... SUCCESS [ 23.447 s]
[INFO] quarkus-demo 3.28.1 ................................ SUCCESS [ 13.001 s]
[INFO] springboot-webflux-demo 3.5.5 ...................... SUCCESS [  2.192 s]
[INFO] springboot-demo-web 3.5.5 .......................... SUCCESS [  2.186 s]
[INFO] vertx-demo 5.0.4 ................................... SUCCESS [  4.484 s]

Size of created packages:

Size in MB Name
2.6M ./avaje-jex-jdk/target/avaje-jex-jdk-3.2.jar
2.6M ./avaje-jex-jdk/target/original-avaje-jex-jdk-3.2.jar
2.8M ./avaje-jex-robaho/target/avaje-jex-robaho-3.2.jar
2.8M ./avaje-jex-robaho/target/original-avaje-jex-robaho-3.2.jar
22M ./eclipse-microprofile-kumuluz-test/target/eclipse-microprofile-kumuluz-test-4.1.0.jar
8.8M ./helidon-se-netty/target/helidon-quickstart-se.jar
8.8M ./helidon-se-netty/target/original-helidon-quickstart-se.jar
20M ./ktor/target/ktor-demo-3.3.0-kotlin-2.2.20-jar-with-dependencies.jar
14M ./micronaut/target/micronaut-demo-4.9.3.jar
19M ./quarkus/target/quarkus-demo-runner.jar
21M ./spring-boot-web/target/springboot-demo-web-3.5.5.jar
24M ./spring-boot-webflux/target/springboot-webflux-demo-3.5.5.jar
8.3M ./vertx/target/vertx-demo-5.0.4-fat.jar

Avaje Jex started class sun.net.httpserver.HttpServerImpl on http://0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:8080

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count                                      32000 (OK=32000  KO=0     )
> min response time                                      0 (OK=0      KO=-     )
> max response time                                  11169 (OK=11169  KO=-     )
> mean response time                                   816 (OK=816    KO=-     )
> std deviation                                       1113 (OK=1113   KO=-     )
> response time 50th percentile                        327 (OK=327    KO=-     )
> response time 75th percentile                       1201 (OK=1200   KO=-     )
> response time 95th percentile                       3250 (OK=3249   KO=-     )
> response time 99th percentile                       5012 (OK=5012   KO=-     )
> mean requests/sec                                2133.333 (OK=2133.333 KO=-     )

started class robaho.net.httpserver.HttpServerImpl on http://0.0.0.0:8080

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count                                      32000 (OK=32000  KO=0     )
> min response time                                      1 (OK=1      KO=-     )
> max response time                                   2944 (OK=2944   KO=-     )
> mean response time                                   478 (OK=478    KO=-     )
> std deviation                                        342 (OK=342    KO=-     )
> response time 50th percentile                        395 (OK=395    KO=-     )
> response time 75th percentile                        520 (OK=520    KO=-     )
> response time 95th percentile                       1027 (OK=1027   KO=-     )
> response time 99th percentile                       1902 (OK=1902   KO=-     )
> mean requests/sec                                4571.429 (OK=4571.429 KO=-     )

:: Spring Boot :: (v3.5.5) Started DemoWebFluxApplication in 1.661 seconds (process running for 2.07)

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count                                      32000 (OK=32000  KO=0     )
> min response time                                     16 (OK=16     KO=-     )
> max response time                                   6360 (OK=6360   KO=-     )
> mean response time                                  1499 (OK=1499   KO=-     )
> std deviation                                        957 (OK=957    KO=-     )
> response time 50th percentile                       1147 (OK=1147   KO=-     )
> response time 75th percentile                       1759 (OK=1758   KO=-     )
> response time 95th percentile                       3772 (OK=3772   KO=-     )
> response time 99th percentile                       4248 (OK=4248   KO=-     )
> mean requests/sec                                2666.667 (OK=2666.667 KO=-     )

:: Spring Boot :: (v3.5.5) Started DemoApplication in 1.55 seconds (process running for 1.941)

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count                                      32000 (OK=32000  KO=0     )
> min response time                                     33 (OK=33     KO=-     )
> max response time                                   4765 (OK=4765   KO=-     )
> mean response time                                  1338 (OK=1338   KO=-     )
> std deviation                                        741 (OK=741    KO=-     )
> response time 50th percentile                       1187 (OK=1187   KO=-     )
> response time 75th percentile                       1511 (OK=1511   KO=-     )
> response time 95th percentile                       2877 (OK=2877   KO=-     )
> response time 99th percentile                       3632 (OK=3632   KO=-     )
> mean requests/sec                                2909.091 (OK=2909.091 KO=-     )

powered by Quarkus 3.28.1) started in 0.965s. Listening on: http://0.0.0.0:8080

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count                                      32000 (OK=32000  KO=0     )
> min response time                                     54 (OK=54     KO=-     )
> max response time                                   2646 (OK=2646   KO=-     )
> mean response time                                  1138 (OK=1138   KO=-     )
> std deviation                                        503 (OK=503    KO=-     )
> response time 50th percentile                       1045 (OK=1045   KO=-     )
> response time 75th percentile                       1266 (OK=1266   KO=-     )
> response time 95th percentile                       2175 (OK=2175   KO=-     )
> response time 99th percentile                       2430 (OK=2430   KO=-     )
> mean requests/sec                                   3200 (OK=3200   KO=-     )

micronaut version: 4.9.0 Startup completed in 525ms. Server Running: http://localhost:8080

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count                                      32000 (OK=32000  KO=0     )
> min response time                                     16 (OK=16     KO=-     )
> max response time                                   1985 (OK=1985   KO=-     )
> mean response time                                   837 (OK=837    KO=-     )
> std deviation                                        369 (OK=369    KO=-     )
> response time 50th percentile                        763 (OK=763    KO=-     )
> response time 75th percentile                       1062 (OK=1062   KO=-     )
> response time 95th percentile                       1536 (OK=1535   KO=-     )
> response time 99th percentile                       1754 (OK=1754   KO=-     )
> mean requests/sec                                3555.556 (OK=3555.556 KO=-     )

vertx version:5.0.4

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count                                      32000 (OK=32000  KO=0     )
> min response time                                     61 (OK=61     KO=-     )
> max response time                                   1772 (OK=1772   KO=-     )
> mean response time                                   948 (OK=948    KO=-     )
> std deviation                                        319 (OK=319    KO=-     )
> response time 50th percentile                        960 (OK=960    KO=-     )
> response time 75th percentile                       1196 (OK=1196   KO=-     )
> response time 95th percentile                       1416 (OK=1416   KO=-     )
> response time 99th percentile                       1562 (OK=1562   KO=-     )
> mean requests/sec                                   4000 (OK=4000   KO=-     )

kumuluz version:4.1.0 Server – Started Server@34acbc60{STARTING}[10.0.9,sto=0] @2709ms

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count                                      32000 (OK=32000  KO=0     )
> min response time                                     33 (OK=33     KO=-     )
> max response time                                   6036 (OK=6036   KO=-     )
> mean response time                                  1632 (OK=1632   KO=-     )
> std deviation                                       1104 (OK=1104   KO=-     )
> response time 50th percentile                       1296 (OK=1297   KO=-     )
> response time 75th percentile                       1702 (OK=1702   KO=-     )
> response time 95th percentile                       4135 (OK=4135   KO=-     )
> response time 99th percentile                       5052 (OK=5052   KO=-     )
> mean requests/sec                                2666.667 (OK=2666.667 KO=-     )

Helidon SE 4.2.2 features: [Config, Encoding, Health, Media, Metrics, Observe, Registry, WebServer]

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count                                      32000 (OK=32000  KO=0     )
> min response time                                      0 (OK=0      KO=-     )
> max response time                                   2579 (OK=2579   KO=-     )
> mean response time                                   738 (OK=738    KO=-     )
> std deviation                                        582 (OK=582    KO=-     )
> response time 50th percentile                        595 (OK=595    KO=-     )
> response time 75th percentile                        849 (OK=848    KO=-     )
> response time 95th percentile                       2318 (OK=2318   KO=-     )
> response time 99th percentile                       2392 (OK=2392   KO=-     )
> mean requests/sec                                3555.556 (OK=3555.556 KO=-     )

ktor:3.3.0

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count                                      32000 (OK=32000  KO=0     )
> min response time                                      0 (OK=0      KO=-     )
> max response time                                   6073 (OK=6073   KO=-     )
> mean response time                                   938 (OK=938    KO=-     )
> std deviation                                        890 (OK=890    KO=-     )
> response time 50th percentile                        664 (OK=664    KO=-     )
> response time 75th percentile                       1418 (OK=1418   KO=-     )
> response time 95th percentile                       2628 (OK=2628   KO=-     )
> response time 99th percentile                       3738 (OK=3738   KO=-     )
> mean requests/sec                                2666.667 (OK=2666.667 KO=-     )

Rust rest services

rustc 1.89.0 (29483883e 2025-08-04)

warp = { version = 0.4, features = [server] }

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count                                      32000 (OK=32000  KO=0     )
> min response time                                      0 (OK=0      KO=-     )
> max response time                                    658 (OK=658    KO=-     )
> mean response time                                   166 (OK=166    KO=-     )
> std deviation                                        140 (OK=140    KO=-     )
> response time 50th percentile                        147 (OK=147    KO=-     )
> response time 75th percentile                        230 (OK=230    KO=-     )
> response time 95th percentile                        475 (OK=475    KO=-     )
> response time 99th percentile                        569 (OK=569    KO=-     )
> mean requests/sec                                   6400 (OK=6400   KO=-     )

actix-web = 4.9.0

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count                                      32000 (OK=32000  KO=0     )
> min response time                                      0 (OK=0      KO=-     )
> max response time                                    701 (OK=701    KO=-     )
> mean response time                                   212 (OK=212    KO=-     )
> std deviation                                        148 (OK=148    KO=-     )
> response time 50th percentile                        187 (OK=187    KO=-     )
> response time 75th percentile                        272 (OK=272    KO=-     )
> response time 95th percentile                        551 (OK=551    KO=-     )
> response time 99th percentile                        614 (OK=614    KO=-     )
> mean requests/sec                                5333.333 (OK=5333.333 KO=-     )

rocket = { version = 0.5.1, features = [json] }

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count                                      32000 (OK=32000  KO=0     )
> min response time                                      0 (OK=0      KO=-     )
> max response time                                    600 (OK=600    KO=-     )
> mean response time                                   174 (OK=174    KO=-     )
> std deviation                                        129 (OK=129    KO=-     )
> response time 50th percentile                        156 (OK=156    KO=-     )
> response time 75th percentile                        229 (OK=229    KO=-     )
> response time 95th percentile                        457 (OK=457    KO=-     )
> response time 99th percentile                        550 (OK=550    KO=-     )
> mean requests/sec                                   6400 (OK=6400   KO=-     )

axum = 0.8.1

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count                                      32000 (OK=32000  KO=0     )
> min response time                                      0 (OK=0      KO=-     )
> max response time                                    628 (OK=628    KO=-     )
> mean response time                                   146 (OK=146    KO=-     )
> std deviation                                        136 (OK=136    KO=-     )
> response time 50th percentile                        123 (OK=123    KO=-     )
> response time 75th percentile                        208 (OK=208    KO=-     )
> response time 95th percentile                        441 (OK=441    KO=-     )
> response time 99th percentile                        563 (OK=562    KO=-     )
> mean requests/sec                                   6400 (OK=6400   KO=-     )

Dotnet 7 rest service

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count                                      32000 (OK=32000  KO=0     )
> min response time                                      2 (OK=2      KO=-     )
> max response time                                   1473 (OK=1473   KO=-     )
> mean response time                                   318 (OK=318    KO=-     )
> std deviation                                        166 (OK=166    KO=-     )
> response time 50th percentile                        290 (OK=290    KO=-     )
> response time 75th percentile                        387 (OK=387    KO=-     )
> response time 95th percentile                        675 (OK=675    KO=-     )
> response time 99th percentile                        735 (OK=735    KO=-     )
> mean requests/sec                                5333.333 (OK=5333.333 KO=-     )

Dotnet 8 rest service

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count                                      32000 (OK=32000  KO=0     )
> min response time                                      6 (OK=6      KO=-     )
> max response time                                    720 (OK=720    KO=-     )
> mean response time                                   275 (OK=275    KO=-     )
> std deviation                                        145 (OK=145    KO=-     )
> response time 50th percentile                        249 (OK=249    KO=-     )
> response time 75th percentile                        325 (OK=325    KO=-     )
> response time 95th percentile                        598 (OK=598    KO=-     )
> response time 99th percentile                        669 (OK=669    KO=-     )
> mean requests/sec                                5333.333 (OK=5333.333 KO=-     )

Dotnet 9 rest service

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count                                      32000 (OK=32000  KO=0     )
> min response time                                      3 (OK=3      KO=-     )
> max response time                                    791 (OK=791    KO=-     )
> mean response time                                   275 (OK=275    KO=-     )
> std deviation                                        154 (OK=154    KO=-     )
> response time 50th percentile                        249 (OK=249    KO=-     )
> response time 75th percentile                        330 (OK=330    KO=-     )
> response time 95th percentile                        622 (OK=622    KO=-     )
> response time 99th percentile                        695 (OK=695    KO=-     )
> mean requests/sec                                5333.333 (OK=5333.333 KO=-     )

graalvm native avaje

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count                                      32000 (OK=31982  KO=18    )
> min response time                                      0 (OK=0      KO=60018 )
> max response time                                  60055 (OK=49955  KO=60055 )
> mean response time                                   728 (OK=694    KO=60032 )
> std deviation                                       2841 (OK=2468   KO=15    )
> response time 50th percentile                        166 (OK=166    KO=60023 )
> response time 75th percentile                        676 (OK=675    KO=60049 )
> response time 95th percentile                       2234 (OK=2230   KO=60054 )
> response time 99th percentile                       5381 (OK=5355   KO=60055 )
> mean requests/sec                                    500 (OK=499.719 KO=0.281 )

graalvm native avaje

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count                                      32000 (OK=32000  KO=0     )
> min response time                                      0 (OK=0      KO=-     )
> max response time                                   3197 (OK=3197   KO=-     )
> mean response time                                   243 (OK=243    KO=-     )
> std deviation                                        392 (OK=392    KO=-     )
> response time 50th percentile                        143 (OK=143    KO=-     )
> response time 75th percentile                        258 (OK=258    KO=-     )
> response time 95th percentile                       1052 (OK=1052   KO=-     )
> response time 99th percentile                       2175 (OK=2175   KO=-     )
> mean requests/sec                                4571.429 (OK=4571.429 KO=-     )

graalvm native quarkus

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count                                      32000 (OK=32000  KO=0     )
> min response time                                      0 (OK=0      KO=-     )
> max response time                                   1101 (OK=1101   KO=-     )
> mean response time                                   478 (OK=478    KO=-     )
> std deviation                                        200 (OK=200    KO=-     )
> response time 50th percentile                        451 (OK=451    KO=-     )
> response time 75th percentile                        592 (OK=592    KO=-     )
> response time 95th percentile                        837 (OK=837    KO=-     )
> response time 99th percentile                        929 (OK=929    KO=-     )
> mean requests/sec                                4571.429 (OK=4571.429 KO=-     )

graalvm native micronaut

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count                                      32000 (OK=32000  KO=0     )
> min response time                                     13 (OK=13     KO=-     )
> max response time                                   1120 (OK=1120   KO=-     )
> mean response time                                   375 (OK=375    KO=-     )
> std deviation                                        173 (OK=173    KO=-     )
> response time 50th percentile                        344 (OK=344    KO=-     )
> response time 75th percentile                        475 (OK=475    KO=-     )
> response time 95th percentile                        721 (OK=721    KO=-     )
> response time 99th percentile                        815 (OK=815    KO=-     )
> mean requests/sec                                5333.333 (OK=5333.333 KO=-     )

graalvm native spring-boot-web

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count                                      32000 (OK=32000  KO=0     )
> min response time                                      0 (OK=0      KO=-     )
> max response time                                   2925 (OK=2925   KO=-     )
> mean response time                                   487 (OK=487    KO=-     )
> std deviation                                        349 (OK=349    KO=-     )
> response time 50th percentile                        398 (OK=398    KO=-     )
> response time 75th percentile                        548 (OK=547    KO=-     )
> response time 95th percentile                       1151 (OK=1151   KO=-     )
> response time 99th percentile                       1782 (OK=1782   KO=-     )
> mean requests/sec                                4571.429 (OK=4571.429 KO=-     )

graalvm native spring-boot-webflux

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count                                      32000 (OK=32000  KO=0     )
> min response time                                     33 (OK=33     KO=-     )
> max response time                                   1704 (OK=1704   KO=-     )
> mean response time                                   499 (OK=499    KO=-     )
> std deviation                                        290 (OK=290    KO=-     )
> response time 50th percentile                        422 (OK=422    KO=-     )
> response time 75th percentile                        555 (OK=555    KO=-     )
> response time 95th percentile                       1167 (OK=1167   KO=-     )
> response time 99th percentile                       1460 (OK=1461   KO=-     )
> mean requests/sec                                4571.429 (OK=4571.429 KO=-     )

graalvm native vertx

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count                                      32000 (OK=32000  KO=0     )
> min response time                                     40 (OK=40     KO=-     )
> max response time                                    780 (OK=780    KO=-     )
> mean response time                                   429 (OK=429    KO=-     )
> std deviation                                        150 (OK=150    KO=-     )
> response time 50th percentile                        435 (OK=435    KO=-     )
> response time 75th percentile                        536 (OK=536    KO=-     )
> response time 95th percentile                        654 (OK=654    KO=-     )
> response time 99th percentile                        729 (OK=729    KO=-     )
> mean requests/sec                                4571.429 (OK=4571.429 KO=-     )

graalvm native helidon

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count                                      32000 (OK=0      KO=32000 )
> min response time                                      0 (OK=-      KO=0     )
> max response time                                    921 (OK=-      KO=921   )
> mean response time                                   336 (OK=-      KO=336   )
> std deviation                                        209 (OK=-      KO=209   )
> response time 50th percentile                        295 (OK=-      KO=295   )
> response time 75th percentile                        442 (OK=-      KO=442   )
> response time 95th percentile                        771 (OK=-      KO=771   )
> response time 99th percentile                        862 (OK=-      KO=862   )
> mean requests/sec                                5333.333 (OK=-      KO=5333.333)

graalvm native ktor rest service

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count                                      32000 (OK=32000  KO=0     )
> min response time                                      0 (OK=0      KO=-     )
> max response time                                   7755 (OK=7755   KO=-     )
> mean response time                                   534 (OK=534    KO=-     )
> std deviation                                        813 (OK=813    KO=-     )
> response time 50th percentile                        156 (OK=156    KO=-     )
> response time 75th percentile                        630 (OK=630    KO=-     )
> response time 95th percentile                       2226 (OK=2226   KO=-     )
> response time 99th percentile                       3429 (OK=3429   KO=-     )
> mean requests/sec                                2909.091 (OK=2909.091 KO=-     )

GraalVM Native Binaries Sizes:

Size in MB Name
53 quarkus-demo-runner
73 micronaut-demo
76 springboot-demo-web
77 springboot-webflux-demo
54 vertx-demo
55 helidon-quickstart-se
60 ktor-demo

source code for the java and dotnet tests ๐Ÿ‘ˆ source code for the rust tests ๐Ÿ‘ˆ github action ๐Ÿ‘ˆ