In Linux runnervmkj6or 6.11.0-1018-azure #18~24.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Sat Jun 28 04:46:03 UTC 2025 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux,

Memory Usage: 1225/15994MB (7.66%)
Disk Usage: 56/145GB (39%)
CPU Load: 1.22
CPU core count:4
CPUs
cpu MHz		: 3243.431
cpu MHz		: 3242.970
cpu MHz		: 3240.671
cpu MHz		: 3240.574

Below is total package generation times for separate modules,

[INFO] Avaje Jex Example 3.4 .............................. SUCCESS [  2.897 s]
[INFO] Avaje Jex Robaho Example 3.4 ....................... SUCCESS [  2.990 s]
[INFO] eclipse-microprofile-kumuluz-test 4.1.0 ............ SUCCESS [  4.910 s]
[INFO] ktor-demo 3.3.3-kotlin-2.3.0 ....................... SUCCESS [ 11.902 s]
[INFO] micronaut-demo 4.10.7 .............................. SUCCESS [ 23.376 s]
[INFO] quarkus-demo 3.31.1 ................................ SUCCESS [ 11.443 s]
[INFO] springboot-webflux-demo 4.0.1 ...................... SUCCESS [  2.119 s]
[INFO] springboot-demo-web 4.0.1 .......................... SUCCESS [  2.126 s]
[INFO] vertx-demo 5.0.7 ................................... SUCCESS [  4.594 s]

Size of created packages:

Size in MB Name
2.6M ./avaje-jex-jdk/target/avaje-jex-jdk-3.4.jar
2.6M ./avaje-jex-jdk/target/original-avaje-jex-jdk-3.4.jar
2.8M ./avaje-jex-robaho/target/avaje-jex-robaho-3.4.jar
2.8M ./avaje-jex-robaho/target/original-avaje-jex-robaho-3.4.jar
22M ./eclipse-microprofile-kumuluz-test/target/eclipse-microprofile-kumuluz-test-4.1.0.jar
20M ./ktor/target/ktor-demo-3.3.3-kotlin-2.3.0-jar-with-dependencies.jar
14M ./micronaut/target/micronaut-demo-4.10.7.jar
20M ./quarkus/target/quarkus-demo-runner.jar
19M ./spring-boot-web/target/springboot-demo-web-4.0.1.jar
34M ./spring-boot-webflux/target/springboot-webflux-demo-4.0.1.jar
8.3M ./vertx/target/vertx-demo-5.0.7-fat.jar

Avaje Jex started class sun.net.httpserver.HttpServerImpl in 28ms on TCP http://0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:8080

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       171882
> min response time   86.71µs
> max response time   188.14ms
> mean response time  19.58ms
> p(90) response time 48.01ms
> p(95) response time 61.01ms
> mean requests/sec   10819.793315

started class robaho.net.httpserver.HttpServerImpl in 54ms on TCP http://0.0.0.0:8080

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       253909
> min response time   59.5µs
> max response time   166.39ms
> mean response time  17.14ms
> p(90) response time 42.2ms
> p(95) response time 52.49ms
> mean requests/sec   16841.140754

:: Spring Boot :: (v4.0.1) Started DemoWebFluxApplication in 1.614 seconds (process running for 2.11)

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       83987
> min response time   347.76µs
> max response time   3.17s
> mean response time  59.13ms
> p(90) response time 115.1ms
> p(95) response time 146.92ms
> mean requests/sec   5552.786841

:: Spring Boot :: (v4.0.1) Started DemoApplication in 1.571 seconds (process running for 2.036)

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       103891
> min response time   307.38µs
> max response time   577.69ms
> mean response time  39.92ms
> p(90) response time 84.66ms
> p(95) response time 104.43ms
> mean requests/sec   6899.419304

powered by Quarkus 3.31.1) started in 1.168s. Listening on: http://0.0.0.0:8080

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       103256
> min response time   291.35µs
> max response time   281ms
> mean response time  39.8ms
> p(90) response time 86.37ms
> p(95) response time 104.53ms
> mean requests/sec   6843.212438

micronaut version: 4.9.0 Startup completed in 582ms. Server Running: http://localhost:8080

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       210591
> min response time   90.41µs
> max response time   204.71ms
> mean response time  20.4ms
> p(90) response time 45.81ms
> p(95) response time 56.4ms
> mean requests/sec   13994.675213

vertx version:5.0.7

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       289699
> min response time   47.54µs
> max response time   144.12ms
> mean response time  15.76ms
> p(90) response time 37.78ms
> p(95) response time 51.64ms
> mean requests/sec   19264.100406

kumuluz version:4.1.0 Server – Started Server@e8e0dec{STARTING}[10.0.9,sto=0] @2644ms

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       82020
> min response time   341.23µs
> max response time   591.51ms
> mean response time  49.94ms
> p(90) response time 120.47ms
> p(95) response time 149.88ms
> mean requests/sec   5435.299366

ktor:3.3.3

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       199853
> min response time   85.42µs
> max response time   1.12s
> mean response time  16.63ms
> p(90) response time 40.98ms
> p(95) response time 52.81ms
> mean requests/sec   12485.591895

Rust rest services

rustc 1.93.0 (254b59607 2026-01-19)

warp = { version = 0.4, features = [server] }

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       339677
> min response time   49.58µs
> max response time   152.31ms
> mean response time  12.67ms
> p(90) response time 33.05ms
> p(95) response time 41.26ms
> mean requests/sec   22513.081351

actix-web = 4.9.0

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       317039
> min response time   49.03µs
> max response time   192.46ms
> mean response time  13.42ms
> p(90) response time 37.57ms
> p(95) response time 46.87ms
> mean requests/sec   21069.249234

rocket = { version = 0.5.1, features = [json] }

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       295685
> min response time   72.05µs
> max response time   161.57ms
> mean response time  14.5ms
> p(90) response time 39.76ms
> p(95) response time 49.08ms
> mean requests/sec   19653.82234

axum = 0.8.1

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       328852
> min response time   46.96µs
> max response time   177.12ms
> mean response time  12.74ms
> p(90) response time 33.36ms
> p(95) response time 41.48ms
> mean requests/sec   21864.304235

Dotnet 7 rest service

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       239741
> min response time   90.69µs
> max response time   210.27ms
> mean response time  17.8ms
> p(90) response time 45.36ms
> p(95) response time 56.11ms
> mean requests/sec   15920.872659

Dotnet 8 rest service

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       255759
> min response time   84.7µs
> max response time   165.33ms
> mean response time  16.98ms
> p(90) response time 43.52ms
> p(95) response time 55.81ms
> mean requests/sec   16933.265008

Dotnet 9 rest service

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       255975
> min response time   77.54µs
> max response time   181.58ms
> mean response time  17.11ms
> p(90) response time 44.7ms
> p(95) response time 54.21ms
> mean requests/sec   16995.434995

Golang rest service

go version go1.24.12 linux/amd64


Golang rest service

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       278798
> min response time   54.23µs
> max response time   170.31ms
> mean response time  15.05ms
> p(90) response time 40.81ms
> p(95) response time 50.65ms
> mean requests/sec   18530.34899

Express.js rest service

Node.js v20.20.0


Express.js rest service

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       74758
> min response time   212.73µs
> max response time   6.96s
> mean response time  66.96ms
> p(90) response time 58.81ms
> p(95) response time 61.69ms
> mean requests/sec   4641.276802

Bun rest service

Bun 1.3.8


Bun rest service

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       343902
> min response time   47.97µs
> max response time   151.73ms
> mean response time  12.74ms
> p(90) response time 32.88ms
> p(95) response time 41.47ms
> mean requests/sec   22862.869611

graalvm native avaje-jex-jdk

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       202978
> min response time   113.59µs
> max response time   2.56s
> mean response time  15.81ms
> p(90) response time 31.86ms
> p(95) response time 40.25ms
> mean requests/sec   12110.711282

graalvm native avaje-jex-robaho

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       254262
> min response time   77.5µs
> max response time   211.68ms
> mean response time  17.3ms
> p(90) response time 45.1ms
> p(95) response time 58.12ms
> mean requests/sec   16893.728904

graalvm native quarkus

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       172148
> min response time   155.11µs
> max response time   215.69ms
> mean response time  25.1ms
> p(90) response time 62.42ms
> p(95) response time 76.53ms
> mean requests/sec   11430.1069

graalvm native micronaut

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       202239
> min response time   110.25µs
> max response time   254.02ms
> mean response time  21.64ms
> p(90) response time 61.43ms
> p(95) response time 77.74ms
> mean requests/sec   13420.319055

graalvm native spring-boot-web

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       133023
> min response time   196.55µs
> max response time   798.24ms
> mean response time  36.85ms
> p(90) response time 83.12ms
> p(95) response time 113.71ms
> mean requests/sec   8755.911548

graalvm native spring-boot-webflux

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       138694
> min response time   192.63µs
> max response time   972.87ms
> mean response time  35.44ms
> p(90) response time 96.08ms
> p(95) response time 125.76ms
> mean requests/sec   9173.515298

graalvm native vertx

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       222245
> min response time   68.6µs
> max response time   189.07ms
> mean response time  22ms
> p(90) response time 57.01ms
> p(95) response time 69.99ms
> mean requests/sec   14735.150709

graalvm native ktor rest service

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       198166
> min response time   109.38µs
> max response time   2.08s
> mean response time  17.82ms
> p(90) response time 32.71ms
> p(95) response time 41.66ms
> mean requests/sec   12001.189398

GraalVM Native Binaries Sizes:

Size in MB Name
55 quarkus-demo-runner-bin
74 micronaut-demo-bin
79 springboot-demo-web-bin
111 springboot-webflux-demo-bin
54 vertx-demo-bin
61 ktor-demo-bin

source code for the java and dotnet tests 👈 source code for the rust tests 👈 github action 👈

Framework ⇅ Requests ⇅ Min ⇅ Max ⇅ Mean ⇅ P90 ⇅ P95 ⇅ Req/Sec ⇅
AVAJE17188286.71µs188.14ms19.58ms48.01ms61.01ms10819.793315
ROBAHO25390959.5µs166.39ms17.14ms42.2ms52.49ms16841.140754
Started DemoWebFluxApplication83987347.76µs3.17s59.13ms115.1ms146.92ms5552.786841
Started DemoApplication103891307.38µs577.69ms39.92ms84.66ms104.43ms6899.419304
QUARKUS103256291.35µs281ms39.8ms86.37ms104.53ms6843.212438
Startup completed in21059190.41µs204.71ms20.4ms45.81ms56.4ms13994.675213
VERTX28969947.54µs144.12ms15.76ms37.78ms51.64ms19264.100406
Server -- Started82020341.23µs591.51ms49.94ms120.47ms149.88ms5435.299366
KTOR19985385.42µs1.12s16.63ms40.98ms52.81ms12485.591895
WARP33967749.58µs152.31ms12.67ms33.05ms41.26ms22513.081351
ACTIX31703949.03µs192.46ms13.42ms37.57ms46.87ms21069.249234
ROCKET29568572.05µs161.57ms14.5ms39.76ms49.08ms19653.82234
AXUM32885246.96µs177.12ms12.74ms33.36ms41.48ms21864.304235
Dotnet 7 rest service23974190.69µs210.27ms17.8ms45.36ms56.11ms15920.872659
Dotnet 8 rest service25575984.7µs165.33ms16.98ms43.52ms55.81ms16933.265008
Dotnet 9 rest service25597577.54µs181.58ms17.11ms44.7ms54.21ms16995.434995
Golang rest service27879854.23µs170.31ms15.05ms40.81ms50.65ms18530.34899
Express.js rest service74758212.73µs6.96s66.96ms58.81ms61.69ms4641.276802
Bun rest service34390247.97µs151.73ms12.74ms32.88ms41.47ms22862.869611
graalvm native avaje-jex-jdk202978113.59µs2.56s15.81ms31.86ms40.25ms12110.711282
graalvm native avaje-jex-robaho25426277.5µs211.68ms17.3ms45.1ms58.12ms16893.728904
graalvm native quarkus172148155.11µs215.69ms25.1ms62.42ms76.53ms11430.1069
graalvm native micronaut202239110.25µs254.02ms21.64ms61.43ms77.74ms13420.319055
graalvm native spring-boot-web133023196.55µs798.24ms36.85ms83.12ms113.71ms8755.911548
graalvm native spring-boot-webflux138694192.63µs972.87ms35.44ms96.08ms125.76ms9173.515298
graalvm native vertx22224568.6µs189.07ms22ms57.01ms69.99ms14735.150709
graalvm native ktor rest service198166109.38µs2.08s17.82ms32.71ms41.66ms12001.189398