In Linux runnervmnay03 6.14.0-1017-azure #17~24.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Mon Dec 1 20:10:50 UTC 2025 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux,

Memory Usage: 1321/15994MB (8.26%)
Disk Usage: 56/145GB (39%)
CPU Load: 1.10
CPU core count:4
CPUs
cpu MHz		: 3241.243
cpu MHz		: 3242.815
cpu MHz		: 3246.881
cpu MHz		: 3243.545

Below is total package generation times for separate modules,

[INFO] Avaje Jex Example 3.4 .............................. SUCCESS [  3.039 s]
[INFO] Avaje Jex Robaho Example 3.4 ....................... SUCCESS [  3.065 s]
[INFO] eclipse-microprofile-kumuluz-test 4.1.0 ............ SUCCESS [  5.050 s]
[INFO] ktor-demo 3.4.0-kotlin-2.3.10 ...................... SUCCESS [ 11.976 s]
[INFO] micronaut-demo 4.10.7 .............................. SUCCESS [ 23.316 s]
[INFO] quarkus-demo 3.31.1 ................................ SUCCESS [ 11.390 s]
[INFO] springboot-webflux-demo 4.0.3 ...................... SUCCESS [  2.240 s]
[INFO] springboot-demo-web 4.0.3 .......................... SUCCESS [  2.233 s]
[INFO] vertx-demo 5.0.8 ................................... SUCCESS [  4.254 s]

Size of created packages:

Size in MB Name
2.6M ./avaje-jex-jdk/target/avaje-jex-jdk-3.4.jar
2.6M ./avaje-jex-jdk/target/original-avaje-jex-jdk-3.4.jar
2.8M ./avaje-jex-robaho/target/avaje-jex-robaho-3.4.jar
2.8M ./avaje-jex-robaho/target/original-avaje-jex-robaho-3.4.jar
22M ./eclipse-microprofile-kumuluz-test/target/eclipse-microprofile-kumuluz-test-4.1.0.jar
20M ./ktor/target/ktor-demo-3.4.0-kotlin-2.3.10-jar-with-dependencies.jar
14M ./micronaut/target/micronaut-demo-4.10.7.jar
20M ./quarkus/target/quarkus-demo-runner.jar
19M ./spring-boot-web/target/springboot-demo-web-4.0.3.jar
34M ./spring-boot-webflux/target/springboot-webflux-demo-4.0.3.jar
8.3M ./vertx/target/vertx-demo-5.0.8-fat.jar

Avaje Jex started class sun.net.httpserver.HttpServerImpl in 27ms on TCP http://0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:8080

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       174805
> min response time   79.34µs
> max response time   1.08s
> mean response time  17.66ms
> p(90) response time 40.49ms
> p(95) response time 50.36ms
> mean requests/sec   10338.104648

started class robaho.net.httpserver.HttpServerImpl in 53ms on TCP http://0.0.0.0:8080

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       253371
> min response time   60.74µs
> max response time   190.66ms
> mean response time  16.38ms
> p(90) response time 42.97ms
> p(95) response time 53.18ms
> mean requests/sec   16841.903138

:: Spring Boot :: (v4.0.3) Started DemoWebFluxApplication in 1.603 seconds (process running for 2.104)

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       88260
> min response time   279.49µs
> max response time   1.66s
> mean response time  56.16ms
> p(90) response time 118.12ms
> p(95) response time 158.79ms
> mean requests/sec   5816.101286

:: Spring Boot :: (v4.0.3) Started DemoApplication in 1.505 seconds (process running for 1.966)

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       116819
> min response time   193.22µs
> max response time   638.57ms
> mean response time  35.88ms
> p(90) response time 75.33ms
> p(95) response time 91.89ms
> mean requests/sec   7748.984348

powered by Quarkus 3.31.1) started in 1.133s. Listening on: http://0.0.0.0:8080

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       113173
> min response time   319.57µs
> max response time   343.94ms
> mean response time  34.05ms
> p(90) response time 72.67ms
> p(95) response time 89.54ms
> mean requests/sec   7515.493805

micronaut version: 4.9.0 Startup completed in 621ms. Server Running: http://localhost:8080

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       200785
> min response time   106.13µs
> max response time   155.89ms
> mean response time  20.83ms
> p(90) response time 45.14ms
> p(95) response time 57.59ms
> mean requests/sec   13326.910372

vertx version:5.0.8

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       294421
> min response time   49.33µs
> max response time   152.98ms
> mean response time  15.17ms
> p(90) response time 36.43ms
> p(95) response time 47.4ms
> mean requests/sec   19578.72292

kumuluz version:4.1.0 Server – Started Server@42b28ff1{STARTING}[10.0.9,sto=0] @2650ms

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       80539
> min response time   346.17µs
> max response time   474.35ms
> mean response time  51.36ms
> p(90) response time 118.77ms
> p(95) response time 150.97ms
> mean requests/sec   5324.730235

ktor:3.4.0

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       197950
> min response time   94.85µs
> max response time   1.48s
> mean response time  14.93ms
> p(90) response time 34.84ms
> p(95) response time 45.44ms
> mean requests/sec   11810.316177

Rust rest services

rustc 1.93.1 (01f6ddf75 2026-02-11)

warp = { version = 0.4, features = [server] }

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       341104
> min response time   47.8µs
> max response time   141.5ms
> mean response time  12.54ms
> p(90) response time 33.46ms
> p(95) response time 41.92ms
> mean requests/sec   22598.394036

actix-web = 4.9.0

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       316473
> min response time   50.84µs
> max response time   151.12ms
> mean response time  13.65ms
> p(90) response time 38.36ms
> p(95) response time 46.96ms
> mean requests/sec   21038.010029

rocket = { version = 0.5.1, features = [json] }

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       295969
> min response time   65.9µs
> max response time   254.88ms
> mean response time  14.04ms
> p(90) response time 37.51ms
> p(95) response time 45.63ms
> mean requests/sec   19673.572331

axum = 0.8.1

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       335834
> min response time   44.83µs
> max response time   139.47ms
> mean response time  12.65ms
> p(90) response time 33.47ms
> p(95) response time 41.56ms
> mean requests/sec   22232.740461

Dotnet 7 rest service

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       237388
> min response time   96µs
> max response time   183.68ms
> mean response time  17.97ms
> p(90) response time 46.6ms
> p(95) response time 57.14ms
> mean requests/sec   15770.283782

Dotnet 8 rest service

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       250164
> min response time   84.35µs
> max response time   206.69ms
> mean response time  17.34ms
> p(90) response time 45.87ms
> p(95) response time 57.39ms
> mean requests/sec   16551.231511

Dotnet 9 rest service

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       257381
> min response time   81.87µs
> max response time   190.25ms
> mean response time  17.06ms
> p(90) response time 44.94ms
> p(95) response time 54.86ms
> mean requests/sec   17077.326272

Golang rest service

go version go1.24.13 linux/amd64


Golang rest service

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       275819
> min response time   65.57µs
> max response time   236.65ms
> mean response time  15.22ms
> p(90) response time 39.91ms
> p(95) response time 49.58ms
> mean requests/sec   18325.272353

Express.js rest service

Node.js v20.20.0


Express.js rest service

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       75030
> min response time   210.62µs
> max response time   7s
> mean response time  66.54ms
> p(90) response time 57.22ms
> p(95) response time 60.71ms
> mean requests/sec   4667.294318

Bun rest service

Bun 1.3.10


Bun rest service

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       328084
> min response time   48.79µs
> max response time   237.12ms
> mean response time  13.39ms
> p(90) response time 37.19ms
> p(95) response time 47.04ms
> mean requests/sec   21796.67825

graalvm native avaje-jex-jdk

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       203473
> min response time   109.29µs
> max response time   2.53s
> mean response time  16.5ms
> p(90) response time 30.82ms
> p(95) response time 39.01ms
> mean requests/sec   11983.408977

graalvm native avaje-jex-robaho

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       257138
> min response time   67.61µs
> max response time   211.52ms
> mean response time  17.02ms
> p(90) response time 46.07ms
> p(95) response time 57.12ms
> mean requests/sec   17057.533974

graalvm native quarkus

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       168488
> min response time   149.09µs
> max response time   287.86ms
> mean response time  25.77ms
> p(90) response time 66.41ms
> p(95) response time 80.49ms
> mean requests/sec   11177.279119

graalvm native micronaut

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       204925
> min response time   115.79µs
> max response time   249.48ms
> mean response time  20.68ms
> p(90) response time 57.63ms
> p(95) response time 75.12ms
> mean requests/sec   13555.053155

graalvm native spring-boot-web

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       143308
> min response time   162.24µs
> max response time   676.22ms
> mean response time  31.89ms
> p(90) response time 79.81ms
> p(95) response time 111.66ms
> mean requests/sec   9487.707509

graalvm native spring-boot-webflux

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       148433
> min response time   170.47µs
> max response time   1.59s
> mean response time  33.01ms
> p(90) response time 84.31ms
> p(95) response time 116.17ms
> mean requests/sec   9781.084196

graalvm native vertx

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       220094
> min response time   86.76µs
> max response time   195.14ms
> mean response time  22.31ms
> p(90) response time 57.76ms
> p(95) response time 70.83ms
> mean requests/sec   14568.806203

graalvm native ktor rest service

---- Global Information --------------------------------------------------------
> request count       199931
> min response time   117.48µs
> max response time   3.13s
> mean response time  17.37ms
> p(90) response time 31.31ms
> p(95) response time 39.46ms
> mean requests/sec   12262.325154

GraalVM Native Binaries Sizes:

Size in MB Name
55 quarkus-demo-runner-bin
74 micronaut-demo-bin
79 springboot-demo-web-bin
110 springboot-webflux-demo-bin
54 vertx-demo-bin
63 ktor-demo-bin

source code for the java and dotnet tests 👈 source code for the rust tests 👈 github action 👈

Framework ⇅ Requests ⇅ Min ⇅ Max ⇅ Mean ⇅ P90 ⇅ P95 ⇅ Req/Sec ⇅
AVAJE17480579.34µs1.08s17.66ms40.49ms50.36ms10338.104648
ROBAHO25337160.74µs190.66ms16.38ms42.97ms53.18ms16841.903138
Started DemoWebFluxApplication88260279.49µs1.66s56.16ms118.12ms158.79ms5816.101286
Started DemoApplication116819193.22µs638.57ms35.88ms75.33ms91.89ms7748.984348
QUARKUS113173319.57µs343.94ms34.05ms72.67ms89.54ms7515.493805
Startup completed in200785106.13µs155.89ms20.83ms45.14ms57.59ms13326.910372
VERTX29442149.33µs152.98ms15.17ms36.43ms47.4ms19578.72292
Server -- Started80539346.17µs474.35ms51.36ms118.77ms150.97ms5324.730235
KTOR19795094.85µs1.48s14.93ms34.84ms45.44ms11810.316177
WARP34110447.8µs141.5ms12.54ms33.46ms41.92ms22598.394036
ACTIX31647350.84µs151.12ms13.65ms38.36ms46.96ms21038.010029
ROCKET29596965.9µs254.88ms14.04ms37.51ms45.63ms19673.572331
AXUM33583444.83µs139.47ms12.65ms33.47ms41.56ms22232.740461
Dotnet 7 rest service23738896µs183.68ms17.97ms46.6ms57.14ms15770.283782
Dotnet 8 rest service25016484.35µs206.69ms17.34ms45.87ms57.39ms16551.231511
Dotnet 9 rest service25738181.87µs190.25ms17.06ms44.94ms54.86ms17077.326272
Golang rest service27581965.57µs236.65ms15.22ms39.91ms49.58ms18325.272353
Express.js rest service75030210.62µs7s66.54ms57.22ms60.71ms4667.294318
Bun rest service32808448.79µs237.12ms13.39ms37.19ms47.04ms21796.67825
graalvm native avaje-jex-jdk203473109.29µs2.53s16.5ms30.82ms39.01ms11983.408977
graalvm native avaje-jex-robaho25713867.61µs211.52ms17.02ms46.07ms57.12ms17057.533974
graalvm native quarkus168488149.09µs287.86ms25.77ms66.41ms80.49ms11177.279119
graalvm native micronaut204925115.79µs249.48ms20.68ms57.63ms75.12ms13555.053155
graalvm native spring-boot-web143308162.24µs676.22ms31.89ms79.81ms111.66ms9487.707509
graalvm native spring-boot-webflux148433170.47µs1.59s33.01ms84.31ms116.17ms9781.084196
graalvm native vertx22009486.76µs195.14ms22.31ms57.76ms70.83ms14568.806203
graalvm native ktor rest service199931117.48µs3.13s17.37ms31.31ms39.46ms12262.325154